Technical Papers

RECENT PAPERS: Many in the form of PDF files you can download here

“Eliminating Air Conditioners in New Southern California Housing” Murray Milne and Tim Kohut, Proceedings of the American Solar Energy Society, Phoenix Arizona, May, 2010
One of the primary ways to cut carbon emissions from residential sector is to design homes in which the occupants will be comfortable without the need for air conditioners. This paper reports an instrumented field study that validates this approach.
“Climate Consultant 4.0 Develops Design Guidelines for Each Unique Climate” Murray Milne, Robin Liggett, Andrew Benson, and Yasmin Bhattacharya. American Solar Energy Society, Buffalo, New York, May, 2009
Shows how Climate Consultant automatically creates a list of Design Guidelines based on the attributes of each unique climate and then displays sketches to show how each Guideline applies, demonstrating that energy efficient design requires different types of buildings in each different climate
“Psychrometric Chart Tutorial: A Tool for Understanding Human Thermal Comfort Conditions” Yasmin Bhattacharya and Murray Milne, American Solar energy Society Conference, Buffalo, New York, May, 2009
The Psychrometric Chart tutorial is a downloadable animated tutorial application which explains the various features of the Psychrometric Chart and how it illustrates indoor or outdoor conditions and their relation to human thermal comfort.
“Tools for Designing Zero Energy Homes: How Well Do They Work in Dublin” Murray Milne, Proceedings of the 2008 Passive and Low Energy Architecture Conference, Dublin, Ireland, October, 2008
Showing how Climate Consultant and HEED can help design Zero Energy Homes in harmony with the local climate in order to maintain indoor comfort conditions for the occupants while minimizing the use of depletable energy (electricity and heating fuel).
“A DESIGN TOOL FOR MEETING THE 2030 CHALLENGE: Measuring CO2, Passive Performance, and Site Use Intensity” Murray Milne, Proceedings of the American Solar Energy Association Conference, Cleveland, Ohio, July, 2007
[Showing how to use HEED to calculate the information required for the 2010 Imerative and the 2030 Challenge including CO2, Site Energy in kBTU, and the number of hours per year when the home is comfortable without heating or cooling]
“Climate Consultant 3.0: A Tool for Visualizing Building Energy Implications of Climates” Murray Milne, Robin Liggett, and Rashed Al-Shaali, Proceedings of the American Solar Energy Association Conference, Cleveland, Ohio, July, 2007
[Reads local climate data for hundreds of .epw stations and displays dozens of different graphic images of various weather attributes and will suggest design strategies. Free for both Macs and PCs]
“A DESIGN TOOL FOR MEETING THE 2030 CHALLENGE: Measuring CO2, Passive Performance, and Site Use Intensity” Murray Milne, Proceedings of the American Solar Energy Association Conference, Cleveland, Ohio, July, 2007
[Showing how to use HEED to calculate the information required for the 2010 Imerative and the 2030 Challenge including CO2, Site Energy in kBTU, and the number of hours per year when the home is comfortable without heating or cooling]
“Climate Consultant 3.0: A Tool for Visualizing Building Energy Implications of Climates” Murray Milne, Robin Liggett, and Rashed Al-Shaali, Proceedings of the American Solar Energy Association Conference, Cleveland, Ohio, July, 2007
[Reads local climate data for hundreds of .epw stations and displays dozens of different graphic images of various weather attributes and will suggest design strategies. Free for both Macs and PCs]
“ENERGY EFFICIENT AFFORDABLE HOUSING; Validating HEED’s Predictions of Indoor Comfort,” Murray Milne, Jessica Morton, and Tim Kohut, ASES-06: Proceedings of the 2006 American Solar Energy Society Conference, Denver Colorado, June 2006
[Showing how HEED was able to accurately predict indoor design temperatures during the design phase as validated by on-sight monitoring]
“Effects of Combining Smart Shading and Ventilation on Thermal Comfort,” Pablo La Roche and Murray Milne, ASES-05, Proceedings of the 2005 American Solar Energy Society Conference, Orlando Florida, June 2005
[The final results of a two year experimental test cell study showing how a smart thermostat operating shading plus a whole house fan, compares to either alone]
“Why Design Matters: Comparing Three Passive Cooling Strategies in Sixteen Different Climates,” Murray Milne, Carlos Gomez, Pablo LaRoche, Jessica Morton, ASES-05, Proceedings of the 2005 American Solar Energy Society Conference, Orlando Florida, June 2005
[Showing that air conditioners can be eliminated from homes in over half of California’s sixteen climate zones if they are designed correctly]
“A Free User-Friendly Design Tool that Shows How To Reduce Cooling Energy in Buildings,” Murray Milne, Carlos Gomez, Pablo LaRoche, and Jessica Morton, Proceedings of the First International Cooling Conference, San Torini, Greece, May 2005
[Demonstrating the application of HEED showing how homes can be designed to minimize or eliminate cooling needs in the climate of Athens Greece]
“Customizing HEED for a Small Utility District,” Murray Milne, Carlos Gomez, Pablo LaRoche, UCLA, and Jim Barnett, SMUD, Proceedings of ASES 2004, July 2004, Portland, Oregon
[Describing the new additions to the latest version of HEED that were added specifically to serve the needs of the ratepayers of the Sacramento Muncipal Utility District.]
“Sizing Skylights for Daylighting Landscaping in an Atrium,” with James Weiner, Proceedings of the American Solar Energy Society 2003, June 2003, Austin, Texas
[Describing an experimental approach to quantifying the performance of a skylit atrium in a 3-story office building.]
“Heeding the Needs of Home Improvement Decision-Makers,” with Carlos Gomez, and Pablo LaRoche, Proceedings of the American Solar Energy Society 2003, June 2003, Austin, Texas
[Describing the importance of a tool like HEED to the residential repair and remodeling market.]
“Using HEED to Design Energy Efficient Affordable Housing,” with Carlos Gomez, Yoshi Kobayashi, Tim Kohut, and Paki Muthig, Proceedings of ASES 2002, June 18, Reno, Nevada
[Describing an application of HEED to a public housing multiple unit rehabilitation project .]
“HEED, Home energy Efficient Design,” with Carlos Gomez, Yoshihiro Kobayashi, Jennifer Zurick, Deborah Weintraub, Hernando Mmiranda, Proceedings of PLEA 2001, the Passive and Low Energy Architecture Association, Florianopolis, Brazil, November 2001
[Describing some of the more technical details of HEED.]
“Strategies to Visulaize the Cooling Performance of Buildings,” with Carlos Gomez, and Yoshihiro Kobayashi, Cooling Frontiers, the Advanced edge of Cooling Research and Applications in the Build Environment, College of Architecture and Environmental Design, Arizona State University, October, 2001
[A review of how to interpert the advanced 3-D plots in HEED and SOLAR-5.]
“A Drag-and-Drop Energy Design Tool,” with Carlos Gomez, Yoshihiro Kobayashi, Jennifer Zurich, Deborah Weintraub, Hernando Miranda, Proceedings of the American Solar Energy Society, April, 2001
[Serves as a Users Manual for HEED, describing the floor planning and window placement options.]
“Teaching Issues, Tools, and Methodologies for Sustainability,” Proceedings of TIA 2000, The Conference on Technical Instruction in Architecture, Oxford, England, July 10-12, 2000
[A review of all our energy design tools including SOLAR-2, Climate Consultant, SOLAR-5.]
“Can the Internet Help Create Energy Efficient Housing on a Global Scale,” with Carlos Gomez, Yoshihiro Kobayashi, Proceedings of PLEA 2000, the Passive and Low Energy Architecture Association, Cambridge, England, July 2000
[Describing REED, and internet based energy design tool.]
“ENERGY MORPH, an Animated Design Tool,” with Carlos Gomez, Yoshi Kobayashi, Proceedings of the American Solar Energy Society, Madison, Wisconsin, June. 2000
[Describing a graphic technique for comparing the energy performance of two different schemes.]
“An Internet Tool for Designing Energy Efficient Homes,” with Carlos Gomez, et.al., Proceedings of the American Solar Energy Association Conference, Portland, Maine, June 13-16, 1999
[Describing REED, Residential Energy Efficient Design, a precursor of HEED.]
“Daylight Prediction Techniques in Energy Design Tools,” with Jennifer Zurich, Proceedings of the International Daylighting Design Conference, Ottawa, May 10-13, 1998
[Comparing the performance of four different daylighting design tools.]
“Designing a Sustainable Library for Oak Park: Modeling Air Pollution and Energy Performance,” Proceedings of the American Solar Energy Society Conference (ASES), Washington, D.C., April, 1997
[Describing the application of HEED/SOLAR-5 to the design of a small library.]
“Picturing the Hidden Environmental Benefits of Passive Building Design Decisions,” with Carlos F. Gomez and Guillemette Epailly, ASES-96: Proceedings of the 1996 American Solar Energy Society Conference, Ashville, North Carolina, April, 1996
[Describing how to quantify the air pollution implications of energy design decisions]

EARLIER TECHNICAL PAPERS (1978-1996): for Historical Interest

“Picturing the Hidden Environmental Benefits of Passive Building Design Decisions,” with Carlos F. Gomez and Guillemette Epailly, ASES-96: Proceedings of the 1996 American Solar Energy Society Conference, Ashville, North Carolina, April, 1996
[Describes the new features in the new SOLAR-5.4, including the ability to calculate the air pollution implications of design decisions in terms of NOx, SOx, CO, CO2, Particulates, and Volatile Organic Compounds. It also illustrated the new Compare function]  
“Taking a Building's Temperature: Measured Vs. Simulated Performance,” Vital Signs Project, presented at the SBSE Summer Workshop, PG&E; Energy Center, San Francisco, August 2-5, 1995
[Describes how SOLAR-5 can read and display data recorded in an actual building or an experiment test cell, and can use it simulate the performance of design alternatives.]  
Total Teach CDRom, Richard Rush, editor, Published by the National Institute of Building Science, Washington, D.C. 1995
[Contains full working versions of all our software as of mid 1995; this CDRom was given free to the dean or chairman of each school of architecture in the U.S.]  
“Visualizing the Passive Performance of Windows,” Murray Milne and Carlos Gomez, Proceedings of Passive and Low Energy Association (PLEA), Israel, July 1995.
[Uses SOLAR-5 to show the performance of windows with various orientations, types of shading and glazing]  
“A Design Tool for Evaluating the Economic Viability of Energy Responsive Design Decisions,” Brian Schroeder, Proceedings of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture Technology Conference, Ann Arbor, MI, January 1994.
[Describes Energy Economics Primer, for evaluating energy design decisions. Macintosh version ONLY]  
“Climate Consultant 2.0: A New Tool for Climate Responsive Design,” Yung-Hsin Li and Murray Milne, Proceedings of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture Technology Conference (ACSA), Ann Arbor, Michigan, January 1994.
[Describes the newest version of Climate Consultant including its WINDOWS-like interface]  
“Tools for Designing Climate Responsive Buildings,” Murray Milne, Progressive Architecture, August, 1993.
[A 1-page summary of our design tool development program at UCLA and some of our tools.]  
“A Design Tool for Picturing Energy Costs,” Proceedings of ASES 93, American Solar Energy Society Conference, Washington, D.C., April 1993.
[Describes the RATES program that shows the energy cost of design decisions, contains over 100 different rates for California's eight major utilities]  
“Design Tools Future Design Environments For Visualizing Building Performance,” Murray Milne, CAAD Futures '91 International Conference For Computer Aided Architectural Design, Gerhard Schmitt, ed., Vieweg, Weisbaden, 1992.
[Lays out the philosophy of design tool development that integrates CAD systems and performance models]  
“An Interactive Graphic Interface for Daylighting Design with SUPERLITE,” Marc Schiler, Murray Milne, Upadi Yuliatmo, International Building Performance Simulation Association, Nice, France, 1991.
[Describes a new CAD-like building data input system for various building energy and daylighting performance programs]  
“Tools for Designing Climate Responsive Buildings,” Murray Milne and Tarek Labib, Proceedings of the Acadia '90 Conference, Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture, Big Sky, Montana, October 6, 1990.
[Describes how all these microcomputer design tools are used at UCLA, and how they can be applied in practice].  
“OPAQUE, a Microcomputer Tool for Designing Climate Responsive Opaque Building Elements,” Nassar Abouella and Murray Milne, Proceedings of the Fourth National Conference on Microcomputer Applications in Energy, Tucson, Arizona, April 1990.
[Describes the current version of OPAQUE].  
“SOLAR-5 Update: Work in Progress for the New Release,” Murray Milne, Michael Vasser and Vijay Sehgal, Proceedings of the Third National Conference on Microcomputer Applications in Energy Conservation, Tucson, Arizona, November, 1988.
[Describes how thermal mass and TMY 8760 hour climate data are being integrated into the newest version of SOLAR-5.2]  
“CLIMATE CONSULTANT, A Micro-Computer Program to Aid Architectural Design,” Mark Clayton, Alex Acenas, Murray Milne and Yon Kim presented at the Third National Conference on Microcomputer Applications in Energy Conservation, Tucson, Arizona, November, 1988.
[Describes the program that generates the psychometric chart and other basic climate data tables, also discusses design guidelines are derived from these data.]  
“Fenestration Design Tool: A Micro-Computer Program for Designers,” Murray Milne, Gregg P. Ander and Marc Schiler, Proceedings of The Second International Daylighting Conference, Long Beach, California, November, 1986.
[Describes the latest current beta-test version of DAYLIT].  
“Ten Principles for the Design of User-Friendly Design Tools,” Murray Milne, Proceedings of the First National Conference on Microcomputer Applications for Conservation and Renewable Energy, Tucson, Arizona, February 1985.
[Describes the design philosophy of the SOLAR-5 program].  
“An Interactive Computer Graphic Daylighting Design Tool,” Murray Milne, Robin Liggett, Carol-Lynn Campbell, Li-Chu Lin, Yau-Tang Tsay. Proceedings of the International Daylighting Conference, Phoenix, February 16-18, 1983.
[Describes the initial version of DAYLIT].  
Learning Intuitive Passive Solar Design, with a Little Help from a Computer, SOLAR-2 and SOLAR-3 Workbook, Murray Milne, Robin Liggett, Bill Jepson, Bruce Herrmann, Erin Rae Hoffer, Debra Merrill, and a foreword by Baruch Givoni, jointly published by the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture, Washington D.C., and the UCLA Graduate School of Architecture and Urban Planning, 64 pages, September 1981.
[Users manual and teachers work book for earlier main-frame versions of SOLAR-2 and SOLAR-3;  
“SOLAR 4.6, A Conceptual Computer Aid in Energy Conserving Design,” Murray Milne and Joel Lakin, Proceedings of the International Solar Energy Society Conference, pp. 92-96., Philadelphia, PA., May, 26-30, 1981.
[Describes the expert system that was later incorporated in the 6/86 version of SOLAR-5.]  
“SOLAR-5: An Interactive Computer-Aided Passive Solar Design System,” Murray Milne and Shin Yoshikawa, Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Passive Solar Conference, AS/ISES, San Jose, CA, January 1979. (5 pages). 
[Describing the initial version of SOLAR-5.]  
“An Interactive Computer-Aided System for Passive Solar Design,” Murray Milne, Proceedings of 2nd Annual Passive Solar Conference, AS/ISES, March 1978, Philadelphia, PA. (5 pages)
[Describing the initial version of SOLAR-2.]  

Murray Milne